Rowing is a sport conducted on the water, where athletes move a boat by using oars. The sport first emerged in 18th-century London, originating with races among professional watermen on the River Thames.
Rowing can take place indoors, on artificial rowing lakes or tanks, or outdoors on rivers, canals, and open seas. Team sizes vary depending on the type of boat, ranging from individual events like the single scull to crews of eight athletes known as coxed eights.
Types of Rowing
There are two primary styles of rowing:
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Sweep Rowing – each rower handles a single oar with both hands.
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Sculling – each rower uses two oars, one in each hand.
The boats, called racing shells, are long, narrow, and semi-circular in shape. The oars are usually between 250 and 300 cm long, with a flat end known as the blade.
Rowing Variations
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Sculling – using two oars to propel a single or double scull boat.
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Sweep Rowing – each rower uses one oar, maneuvered with both hands.
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Coastal (Offshore) Rowing – performed on open water, using wider and sturdier boats than those for rivers or lakes.
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Surfboat Rowing – teams row surfboats on an out-and-back course through waves.
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Beach Sprint Rowing – a short, fast-paced race in open water, often including a run on the beach.
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Ocean Rowing – long-distance races across seas and oceans.
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Indoor Rowing – competitions on rowing machines that mimic on-water rowing movements.

Related Paddling Sports
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Dragon Boat Racing – paddling in a long, traditional Chinese boat with up to 20 paddlers.
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Canoeing – paddlers kneel or sit and propel the boat forward with a single-bladed paddle.
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Kayaking – racing in narrow boats using a double-bladed paddle.
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Canoe Sprint – short-distance canoe races on flat water from 200 m to 5,000 m.
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Sprint Kayaking – high-speed kayak races on flat water over 200–1,000 m.
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Outrigger Canoeing – racing in canoes fitted with lateral floats called outriggers for stability.
Related Resources
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Rowing at the Olympics
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2000m Rowing Ergo Fitness Test
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Overview of Paddling Sports
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Complete Sports Encyclopedia – a worldwide list of all sports.
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